Question: where would you go to escape detection if you wanted to do something illegal on the Internet? Hint: shush!

The background to this paper is the introduction of public access IT facilities in public libraries. These facilities have seen recorded instances of misuse alongside weaknesses in checking identities of users and in explaining Acceptable Use Policies (AUPs) to users. The FRILLS (Forensic Readiness of Local Libraries in Scotland) project, funded by the Scottish Library and Information Council, attempted to survey the situation in Scottish public libraries and develop a forensic readiness logging regime for use in them. There is in depth discussion of the use of logging in public library computer facilitie

Beyond the European Computer Driving Licence : Basic and advanced ICT skills for the new library professional

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FRILLS

This powerpoint presentation looks at Public access IT facilities in public libraries, “Open Gateway or Guarded Fortress” project, FRILLS project (“Forensic Readiness for Local Libraries in Scotland”

Investigating the effect of primordial black hole Hawking radiation on the cosmic microwave background

Due in part to the recent gravitational wave events discovered by the LIGO collaboration, primordial black holes (PBHs) have made their way back in vogue as a possible dark matter candidate. Dynamically, PBHs are interesting objects as they have a mass-dependent energy injection mechanism. As such, their presence in the early universe would have interfered with the formation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This work examines the effect such injections would have on CMB formation through comparison with the latest Planck measurements. We consider light-mass PBHs in the range 10¹⁵ g to 10¹⁷g which inject energy through Hawking radiation. In this work we present a review of the current state-of-the-art models of recombination and their extensions which incorporate energy injections from nonstandard sources. We also give a basic introduction to Bayesian inference in the context of parameter inference, and explain in detail how nested sampling and the Planck likelihood code operate. With this knowledge, we create a new cosmological parameter estimation program, pc_multinest, which utilises the nested sampler MultiNest, the Boltzmann code class and the Planck likelihood code to place constraints on PBH parameter space. During the completion of the program, we also improve the existing HyRec recombination code to correctly account for large energy injections. We then reproduce the current limits on PBH fraction ƒPBH presented by Clark et al. [1], before extending the analysis to examine the effects a set of free ΛCDM parameters has on the resulting bounds. By allowing the base ΛCDM parameters to vary, we show the exclusion bounds are alleviated by a full order of magnitude across the mass range. We also present results extending the typical monochromatic mass distribution to a log normal one. Fixing the PBH fraction and allowing both the mean and standard deviation of the distribution to vary indicates that delta mass distributions are more sensitive to freeing ΛCDM parameters than a mass distribution with finite spread. Results for different PBH mass distributions show that increasing the spread of the mass distribution results in tighter constraints at heavier masses and a slight relaxation for masses MPBH ∼ 10¹⁵ g. For a uniform mass distribution, the 95% exclusion limits are independent of PBH mass, giving ƒPBH < 6.1 × 10⁻⁷ when base ΛCDM parameters are fixed and ƒPBH < 1.3 × 10⁻⁵ when they are allowed to vary.Thesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 201

Locations of marine animals revealed by carbon isotopes

Knowing the distribution of marine animals is central to understanding climatic and other environmental influences on population ecology. This information has proven difficult to gain through capture-based methods biased by capture location. Here we show that marine location can be inferred from animal tissues. As the carbon isotope composition of animal tissues varies with sea surface temperature, marine location can be identified by matching time series of carbon isotopes measured in tissues to sea surface temperature records. Applying this technique to populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) produces isotopically-derived maps of oceanic feeding grounds, consistent with the current understanding of salmon migrations, that additionally reveal geographic segregation in feeding grounds between individual philopatric populations and age-classes. Carbon isotope ratios can be used to identify the location of open ocean feeding grounds for any pelagic animals for which tissue archives and matching records of sea surface temperature are available

Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes

In a randomized, controlled trial that compared liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk who were receiving usual care, we found that liraglutide resulted in lower risks of the primary end point (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes) and death. However, the long-term effects of liraglutide on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown

Twentieth Century Redistribution in Climatic Drivers of Global Tree Growth

Energy and water limitations of tree growth remain insufficiently understood at large spatiotemporal scales, hindering model representation of interannual or longer-term ecosystem processes. By assessing and statistically scaling the climatic drivers from 2710 tree-ring sites, we identified the boreal and temperate land areas where tree growth during 19301960 CE responded positively to temperature (20.8 3.7 Mio km2; 25.9 4.6%), precipitation (77.5 3.3 Mio km2; 96.4 4.1%), and other parameters. The spatial manifestation of this climate response is determined by latitudinal and altitudinal temperature gradients, indicating that warming leads to geographic shifts in growth limitations. We observed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in temperature response at cold-dry sites between 19301960 and 19601990 CE, and the total temperature-limited area shrunk by 8.7 0.6 Mio km2. Simultaneously, trees became more limited by atmospheric water demand almost worldwide. These changes occurred under mild warming, and we expect that continued climate change will trigger a major redistribution in growth responses to climate

MegaTevs: Single-Chain Dual Nucleases for Efficient Gene Disruption

Targeting gene disruptions in complex genomes relies on imprecise repair by the non-homologous end-joining DNA pathway, creating mutagenic insertions or deletions (indels) at the break point. DNA end-processing enzymes are often co-expressed with genome-editing nucleases to enhance the frequency of indels, as the compatible cohesive ends generated by the nucleases can be precisely repaired, leading to a cycle of cleavage and non-mutagenic repair. Here, we present an alternative strategy to bias repair toward gene disruption by fusing two different nuclease active sites from I-TevI (a GIY-YIG enzyme) and I-OnuI E2 (an engineered meganuclease) into a single polypeptide chain. In vitro, the MegaTev enzyme generates two double-strand breaks to excise an intervening 30-bp fragment. In HEK 293 cells, we observe a high frequency of gene disruption without co-expression of DNA end-processing enzymes. Deep sequencing of disrupted target sites revealed minimal processing, consistent with the MegaTev sequestering the double-strand breaks from the DNA repair machinery. Off-target profiling revealed no detectable cleavage at sites where the I-TevI CNNNG cleavage motif is not appropriately spaced from the I-OnuI binding site. The MegaTev enzyme represents a small, programmable nuclease platform for extremely specific genome-engineering applications

Regulation of c-Raf stability through the CTLH complex

c-Raf is a central component of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway which is implicated in the development of many cancer types. RanBPM (Ran-Binding Protein M) was previously shown to inhibit c-Raf expression, but how this is achieved remains unclear. RanBPM is part of a recently identified E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, the CTLH (C-terminal to LisH) complex. Here, we show that the CTLH complex regulates c-Raf expression through a control of its degradation. Several domains of RanBPM were found necessary to regulate c-Raf levels, but only the C-terminal CRA (CT11-RanBPM) domain showed direct interaction with c-Raf. c-Raf ubiquitination and degradation is promoted by the CTLH complex. Furthermore, A-Raf and B-Raf protein levels are also regulated by the CTLH complex, indicating a common regulation of Raf family members. Finally, depletion of CTLH subunits RMND5A (required for meiotic nuclear division 5A) and RanBPM resulted in enhanced proliferation and loss of RanBPM promoted tumour growth in a mouse model. This study uncovers a new mode of control of c-Raf expression through regulation of its degradation by the CTLH complex. These findings also uncover a novel target of the CTLH complex, and suggest that the CTLH complex has activities that suppress cell transformation and tumour formation